DECENT Database is an Australian-based initiative, born out of the love for science, with the primary aim of decentralising peer-to-peer review of scientific research articles. The idea is to enhance access to empirical research materials around the globe, with concessions to underdeveloped and developing nations. Our mission is to develop a decentralised database, which consists of a series of research journals that are affordable, rewarding, and accessible all over the world. The database will be enriched with the most innovative and revolutionary articles, following thorough vetting and peer-review by renowned authorities.
Unable to find manual contract audit (e.g. Certik, PeckShield, Solidity...)
DECENT.swapBack() (#773-830) sends eth to arbitrary user
Dangerous calls:
- distributor.deposit{value: amountBNBReflection}() (#815)
- address(marketingFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBMarketing) (#816)
- address(buybackFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBBuyback) (#817)
- router.addLiquidityETH{value: amountBNBLiquidity}(address(this),amountToLiquify,0,0,autoLiquidityReceiver,block.timestamp) (#820-827)
Ensure that an arbitrary user cannot withdraw unauthorized funds.
Additional information: link
Reentrancy in DECENT._transferFrom(address,address,uint256) (#645-737):
External calls:
- swapBack() (#679)
- router.swapExactTokensForETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(amountToSwap,0,path,address(this),block.timestamp) (#791-797)
- distributor.deposit{value: amountBNBReflection}() (#815)
- router.addLiquidityETH{value: amountBNBLiquidity}(address(this),amountToLiquify,0,0,autoLiquidityReceiver,block.timestamp) (#820-827)
External calls sending eth:
- swapBack() (#679)
- distributor.deposit{value: amountBNBReflection}() (#815)
- address(marketingFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBMarketing) (#816)
- address(buybackFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBBuyback) (#817)
- router.addLiquidityETH{value: amountBNBLiquidity}(address(this),amountToLiquify,0,0,autoLiquidityReceiver,block.timestamp) (#820-827)
State variables written after the call(s):
- _balances[sender] = _balances[sender].sub(amount,Insufficient Balance) (#682-685)
- amountReceived = takeFee(sender,amount) (#694)
- _balances[address(this)] = _balances[address(this)].add(feeAmount) (#759)
- _balances[recipient] = _balances[recipient].add(amountReceived) (#722)
Apply the check-effects-interactions pattern.
Additional information: link
Combination 1: Reentrancy vulnerabilities + Functions that send Ether to arbitraty destination. Usual for scams. May be justified by some complex mechanics (e.g. rebase, reflections). DYOR & manual audit are advised.
DECENT.swapBack() (#773-830) ignores return value by router.addLiquidityETH{value: amountBNBLiquidity}(address(this),amountToLiquify,0,0,autoLiquidityReceiver,block.timestamp) (#820-827)
Ensure that all the return values of the function calls are used.
Additional information: link
DividendDistributor.setDistributionCriteria(uint256,uint256) (#329-335) should emit an event for:
- minPeriod = _minPeriod (#333)
- minDistribution = _minDistribution (#334)
DividendDistributor.deposit() (#359-365) should emit an event for:
- dividendsPerShare = dividendsPerShare.add(dividendsPerShareAccuracyFactor.mul(amount).div(totalShares)) (#362-364)
DECENT.setFees(uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256) (#873-890) should emit an event for:
- liquidityFee = _liquidityFee (#880)
- buybackFee = _buybackFee (#881)
- reflectionFee = _reflectionFee (#882)
- marketingFee = _marketingFee (#883)
- totalFee = _liquidityFee.add(_buybackFee).add(_reflectionFee).add(_marketingFee) (#884-886)
- feeDenominator = _feeDenominator (#887)
DECENT.setSwapBackSettings(bool,uint256) (#902-908) should emit an event for:
- swapThreshold = _amount (#907)
DECENT.setTargetLiquidity(uint256,uint256) (#910-916) should emit an event for:
- targetLiquidity = _target (#914)
- targetLiquidityDenominator = _denominator (#915)
Emit an event for critical parameter changes.
Additional information: link
Ownable.transferOwnership(address).adr (#177) lacks a zero-check on :
- owner = adr (#178)
DECENT.constructor(address,address,address)._market (#548) lacks a zero-check on :
- marketingFeeReceiver = _market (#565)
DECENT.constructor(address,address,address)._buyBack (#549) lacks a zero-check on :
- buybackFeeReceiver = _buyBack (#566)
DECENT.setFeeReceivers(address,address,address)._autoLiquidityReceiver (#893) lacks a zero-check on :
- autoLiquidityReceiver = _autoLiquidityReceiver (#897)
DECENT.setFeeReceivers(address,address,address)._marketingFeeReceiver (#894) lacks a zero-check on :
- marketingFeeReceiver = _marketingFeeReceiver (#898)
DECENT.setFeeReceivers(address,address,address)._buybackFeeReceiver (#895) lacks a zero-check on :
- buybackFeeReceiver = _buybackFeeReceiver (#899)
Check that the address is not zero.
Additional information: link
DividendDistributor.distributeDividend(address) (#405-422) has external calls inside a loop: address(shareholder).transfer(amount) (#413)
Favor pull over push strategy for external calls.
Additional information: link
Reentrancy in DECENT._transferFrom(address,address,uint256) (#645-737):
External calls:
- swapBack() (#679)
- router.swapExactTokensForETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(amountToSwap,0,path,address(this),block.timestamp) (#791-797)
- distributor.deposit{value: amountBNBReflection}() (#815)
- router.addLiquidityETH{value: amountBNBLiquidity}(address(this),amountToLiquify,0,0,autoLiquidityReceiver,block.timestamp) (#820-827)
External calls sending eth:
- swapBack() (#679)
- distributor.deposit{value: amountBNBReflection}() (#815)
- address(marketingFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBMarketing) (#816)
- address(buybackFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBBuyback) (#817)
- router.addLiquidityETH{value: amountBNBLiquidity}(address(this),amountToLiquify,0,0,autoLiquidityReceiver,block.timestamp) (#820-827)
State variables written after the call(s):
- lastBuyTime[recipient] = block.timestamp (#718)
- lastSellAmount[sender] = 0 (#712)
- lastSellAmount[sender] = lastSellAmount[sender].add(amount) (#714)
- lastSellTime[sender] = block.timestamp (#716)
Reentrancy in DECENT.constructor(address,address,address) (#546-573):
External calls:
- pair = IDEXFactory(router.factory()).createPair(WBNB,address(this)) (#553)
State variables written after the call(s):
- _allowances[address(this)][address(router)] = _totalSupply (#554)
- approve(_router,_totalSupply) (#568)
- _allowances[msg.sender][spender] = amount (#615)
- approve(address(pair),_totalSupply) (#569)
- _allowances[msg.sender][spender] = amount (#615)
- _balances[msg.sender] = _totalSupply (#570)
- autoLiquidityReceiver = msg.sender (#564)
- buybackFeeReceiver = _buyBack (#566)
- distributor = new DividendDistributor(_router) (#555)
- distributorAddress = address(distributor) (#556)
- isDividendExempt[pair] = true (#560)
- isDividendExempt[address(this)] = true (#561)
- isDividendExempt[DEAD] = true (#562)
- isFeeExempt[msg.sender] = true (#558)
- isTxLimitExempt[msg.sender] = true (#559)
- marketingFeeReceiver = _market (#565)
Apply the check-effects-interactions pattern.
Additional information: link
Reentrancy in DECENT._transferFrom(address,address,uint256) (#645-737):
External calls:
- swapBack() (#679)
- router.swapExactTokensForETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(amountToSwap,0,path,address(this),block.timestamp) (#791-797)
- distributor.deposit{value: amountBNBReflection}() (#815)
- router.addLiquidityETH{value: amountBNBLiquidity}(address(this),amountToLiquify,0,0,autoLiquidityReceiver,block.timestamp) (#820-827)
External calls sending eth:
- swapBack() (#679)
- distributor.deposit{value: amountBNBReflection}() (#815)
- address(marketingFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBMarketing) (#816)
- address(buybackFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBBuyback) (#817)
- router.addLiquidityETH{value: amountBNBLiquidity}(address(this),amountToLiquify,0,0,autoLiquidityReceiver,block.timestamp) (#820-827)
Event emitted after the call(s):
- Transfer(sender,address(this),feeAmount) (#760)
- amountReceived = takeFee(sender,amount) (#694)
Reentrancy in DECENT._transferFrom(address,address,uint256) (#645-737):
External calls:
- swapBack() (#679)
- router.swapExactTokensForETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(amountToSwap,0,path,address(this),block.timestamp) (#791-797)
- distributor.deposit{value: amountBNBReflection}() (#815)
- router.addLiquidityETH{value: amountBNBLiquidity}(address(this),amountToLiquify,0,0,autoLiquidityReceiver,block.timestamp) (#820-827)
- distributor.setShare(sender,_balances[sender]) (#725)
- distributor.setShare(recipient,_balances[recipient]) (#728-730)
- distributor.process(distributorGas) (#733)
External calls sending eth:
- swapBack() (#679)
- distributor.deposit{value: amountBNBReflection}() (#815)
- address(marketingFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBMarketing) (#816)
- address(buybackFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBBuyback) (#817)
- router.addLiquidityETH{value: amountBNBLiquidity}(address(this),amountToLiquify,0,0,autoLiquidityReceiver,block.timestamp) (#820-827)
Event emitted after the call(s):
- Transfer(sender,recipient,amountReceived) (#735)
Reentrancy in DECENT.constructor(address,address,address) (#546-573):
External calls:
- pair = IDEXFactory(router.factory()).createPair(WBNB,address(this)) (#553)
Event emitted after the call(s):
- Approval(msg.sender,spender,amount) (#616)
- approve(address(pair),_totalSupply) (#569)
- Approval(msg.sender,spender,amount) (#616)
- approve(_router,_totalSupply) (#568)
- Transfer(address(0),msg.sender,_totalSupply) (#572)
Reentrancy in DECENT.swapBack() (#773-830):
External calls:
- router.swapExactTokensForETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(amountToSwap,0,path,address(this),block.timestamp) (#791-797)
- distributor.deposit{value: amountBNBReflection}() (#815)
- router.addLiquidityETH{value: amountBNBLiquidity}(address(this),amountToLiquify,0,0,autoLiquidityReceiver,block.timestamp) (#820-827)
External calls sending eth:
- distributor.deposit{value: amountBNBReflection}() (#815)
- address(marketingFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBMarketing) (#816)
- address(buybackFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBBuyback) (#817)
- router.addLiquidityETH{value: amountBNBLiquidity}(address(this),amountToLiquify,0,0,autoLiquidityReceiver,block.timestamp) (#820-827)
Event emitted after the call(s):
- AutoLiquify(amountBNBLiquidity,amountToLiquify) (#828)
Apply the check-effects-interactions pattern.
Additional information: link
DividendDistributor.shouldDistribute(address) (#395-403) uses timestamp for comparisons
Dangerous comparisons:
- shareholderClaims[shareholder] + minPeriod < block.timestamp && getUnpaidEarnings(shareholder) > minDistribution (#400-402)
DECENT._transferFrom(address,address,uint256) (#645-737) uses timestamp for comparisons
Dangerous comparisons:
- block.timestamp < launchedAtTimestamp + antiSnipingTime && sender != address(router) (#662-663)
- block.timestamp < lastSellTime[sender].add(maxSellDuration) (#699-700)
Avoid relying on block.timestamp.
Additional information: link
DividendDistributor.process(uint256) (#367-393) has costly operations inside a loop:
- currentIndex = 0 (#381)
DividendDistributor.distributeDividend(address) (#405-422) has costly operations inside a loop:
- totalDistributed = totalDistributed.add(amount) (#412)
DividendDistributor.process(uint256) (#367-393) has costly operations inside a loop:
- currentIndex ++ (#390)
Use a local variable to hold the loop computation result.
Additional information: link
DECENT.launched() (#832-834) is never used and should be removed
SafeMath.div(uint256,uint256,string) (#100-109) is never used and should be removed
SafeMath.mod(uint256,uint256) (#85-87) is never used and should be removed
SafeMath.mod(uint256,uint256,string) (#111-120) is never used and should be removed
SafeMath.tryAdd(uint256,uint256) (#8-18) is never used and should be removed
SafeMath.tryDiv(uint256,uint256) (#47-56) is never used and should be removed
SafeMath.tryMod(uint256,uint256) (#58-67) is never used and should be removed
SafeMath.tryMul(uint256,uint256) (#31-45) is never used and should be removed
SafeMath.trySub(uint256,uint256) (#20-29) is never used and should be removed
Remove unused functions.
Additional information: link
DECENT.maxTxAmount (#493) is set pre-construction with a non-constant function or state variable:
- _totalSupply.div(400)
DECENT.swapThreshold (#538) is set pre-construction with a non-constant function or state variable:
- _totalSupply / 2000
Remove any initialization of state variables via non-constant state variables or function calls. If variables must be set upon contract deployment, locate initialization in the constructor instead.
Additional information: link
Pragma version^0.8.9 (#2) necessitates a version too recent to be trusted. Consider deploying with 0.6.12/0.7.6/0.8.7
solc-0.8.9 is not recommended for deployment
Deploy with any of the following Solidity versions: 0.5.16 - 0.5.17, 0.6.11 - 0.6.12, 0.7.5 - 0.7.6 Use a simple pragma version that allows any of these versions. Consider using the latest version of Solidity for testing.
Additional information: link
Function Irouter.WETH() (#194) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DividendDistributor.setDistributionCriteria(uint256,uint256)._minPeriod (#330) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DividendDistributor.setDistributionCriteria(uint256,uint256)._minDistribution (#331) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DividendDistributor.claimDividend(address)._user (#424) is not in mixedCase
Variable DividendDistributor._token (#283) is not in mixedCase
Variable DividendDistributor.WBNB (#291) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.setFees(uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256)._liquidityFee (#874) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.setFees(uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256)._buybackFee (#875) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.setFees(uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256)._reflectionFee (#876) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.setFees(uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256)._marketingFee (#877) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.setFees(uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256)._feeDenominator (#878) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.setFeeReceivers(address,address,address)._autoLiquidityReceiver (#893) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.setFeeReceivers(address,address,address)._marketingFeeReceiver (#894) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.setFeeReceivers(address,address,address)._buybackFeeReceiver (#895) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.setSwapBackSettings(bool,uint256)._enabled (#902) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.setSwapBackSettings(bool,uint256)._amount (#902) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.setTargetLiquidity(uint256,uint256)._target (#910) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.setTargetLiquidity(uint256,uint256)._denominator (#910) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.setDistributionCriteria(uint256,uint256)._minPeriod (#919) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.setDistributionCriteria(uint256,uint256)._minDistribution (#920) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.addSniperInList(address)._account (#974) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.removeSniperFromList(address)._account (#980) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.setSellLimits(bool,uint256,uint256)._status (#986) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.setSellLimits(bool,uint256,uint256)._duration (#987) is not in mixedCase
Parameter DECENT.setSellLimits(bool,uint256,uint256)._divider (#988) is not in mixedCase
Variable DECENT.WBNB (#485) is not in mixedCase
Variable DECENT.DEAD (#486) is not in mixedCase
Constant DECENT._name (#488) is not in UPPER_CASE_WITH_UNDERSCORES
Constant DECENT._symbol (#489) is not in UPPER_CASE_WITH_UNDERSCORES
Constant DECENT._decimals (#490) is not in UPPER_CASE_WITH_UNDERSCORES
Variable DECENT._totalSupply (#492) is not in mixedCase
Variable DECENT._balances (#495) is not in mixedCase
Variable DECENT._allowances (#496) is not in mixedCase
Follow the Solidity naming convention.
Additional information: link
Reentrancy in DECENT._transferFrom(address,address,uint256) (#645-737):
External calls:
- swapBack() (#679)
- address(marketingFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBMarketing) (#816)
- address(buybackFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBBuyback) (#817)
External calls sending eth:
- swapBack() (#679)
- distributor.deposit{value: amountBNBReflection}() (#815)
- address(marketingFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBMarketing) (#816)
- address(buybackFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBBuyback) (#817)
- router.addLiquidityETH{value: amountBNBLiquidity}(address(this),amountToLiquify,0,0,autoLiquidityReceiver,block.timestamp) (#820-827)
State variables written after the call(s):
- _balances[sender] = _balances[sender].sub(amount,Insufficient Balance) (#682-685)
- amountReceived = takeFee(sender,amount) (#694)
- _balances[address(this)] = _balances[address(this)].add(feeAmount) (#759)
- _balances[recipient] = _balances[recipient].add(amountReceived) (#722)
- lastBuyTime[recipient] = block.timestamp (#718)
- lastSellAmount[sender] = 0 (#712)
- lastSellAmount[sender] = lastSellAmount[sender].add(amount) (#714)
- lastSellTime[sender] = block.timestamp (#716)
Event emitted after the call(s):
- Transfer(sender,address(this),feeAmount) (#760)
- amountReceived = takeFee(sender,amount) (#694)
- Transfer(sender,recipient,amountReceived) (#735)
Reentrancy in DividendDistributor.distributeDividend(address) (#405-422):
External calls:
- address(shareholder).transfer(amount) (#413)
State variables written after the call(s):
- shareholderClaims[shareholder] = block.timestamp (#414)
- shares[shareholder].totalRealised = shares[shareholder].totalRealised.add(amount) (#415-417)
- shares[shareholder].totalExcluded = getCumulativeDividends(shares[shareholder].amount) (#418-420)
Reentrancy in DividendDistributor.process(uint256) (#367-393):
External calls:
- distributeDividend(shareholders[currentIndex]) (#385)
- address(shareholder).transfer(amount) (#413)
State variables written after the call(s):
- currentIndex ++ (#390)
Reentrancy in DividendDistributor.setShare(address,uint256) (#337-357):
External calls:
- distributeDividend(shareholder) (#343)
- address(shareholder).transfer(amount) (#413)
State variables written after the call(s):
- addShareholder(shareholder) (#347)
- shareholderIndexes[shareholder] = shareholders.length (#467)
- removeShareholder(shareholder) (#349)
- shareholderIndexes[shareholders[shareholders.length - 1]] = shareholderIndexes[shareholder] (#475-477)
- addShareholder(shareholder) (#347)
- shareholders.push(shareholder) (#468)
- removeShareholder(shareholder) (#349)
- shareholders[shareholderIndexes[shareholder]] = shareholders[shareholders.length - 1] (#472-474)
- shareholders.pop() (#478)
- shares[shareholder].amount = amount (#353)
- shares[shareholder].totalExcluded = getCumulativeDividends(shares[shareholder].amount) (#354-356)
- totalShares = totalShares.sub(shares[shareholder].amount).add(amount) (#352)
Reentrancy in DECENT.swapBack() (#773-830):
External calls:
- address(marketingFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBMarketing) (#816)
- address(buybackFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBBuyback) (#817)
External calls sending eth:
- distributor.deposit{value: amountBNBReflection}() (#815)
- address(marketingFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBMarketing) (#816)
- address(buybackFeeReceiver).transfer(amountBNBBuyback) (#817)
- router.addLiquidityETH{value: amountBNBLiquidity}(address(this),amountToLiquify,0,0,autoLiquidityReceiver,block.timestamp) (#820-827)
Event emitted after the call(s):
- AutoLiquify(amountBNBLiquidity,amountToLiquify) (#828)
Apply the check-effects-interactions pattern.
Additional information: link
Variable Irouter.addLiquidity(address,address,uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256,address,uint256).amountADesired (#199) is too similar to Irouter.addLiquidity(address,address,uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256,address,uint256).amountBDesired (#200)
Prevent variables from having similar names.
Additional information: link
DECENT.slitherConstructorVariables() (#482-999) uses literals with too many digits:
- DEAD = 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dEaD (#486)
DECENT.slitherConstructorVariables() (#482-999) uses literals with too many digits:
- distributorGas = 500000 (#532)
Use: Ether suffix, Time suffix, or The scientific notation
Additional information: link
DECENT.DEAD (#486) should be constant
DECENT._totalSupply (#492) should be constant
DECENT.antiSnipingTime (#526) should be constant
DividendDistributor.dividendsPerShareAccuracyFactor (#304) should be constant
Add the constant attributes to state variables that never change.
Additional information: link
transferOwnership(address) should be declared external:
- Ownable.transferOwnership(address) (#177-180)
claimDividend(address) should be declared external:
- DividendDistributor.claimDividend(address) (#424-426)
getPaidEarnings(address) should be declared external:
- DividendDistributor.getPaidEarnings(address) (#428-434)
launch() should be declared external:
- DECENT.launch() (#836-842)
getPaidDividend(address) should be declared external:
- DECENT.getPaidDividend(address) (#938-944)
Use the external attribute for functions never called from the contract.
Additional information: link
Average 30d PancakeSwap volume is low.
Number of Binance Smart Chain (BSC) token holders is low.
Average PancakeSwap trading volume, liqudity, number of swaps are low. Token seems to be inactive.
Token is deployed only at one blockchain
Token has only one trading pair
Unable to find PancakeSwap trading pair to compute liquidity.
Unable to find PancakeSwap trading pair to compute number of swaps.
BscScan page for the token does not contain additional info: website, socials, description, etc.
Additional information: link
Unable to find token contract audit
Unable to find audit link on the website
Unable to find whitepaper link on the website
Unable to find token on CoinHunt
Additional information: link
Unable to find code repository for the project
Young tokens have high risks of price dump / death
Young tokens have high risks of scam / price dump / death
Young tokens have high risks of scam / price dump / death
Token has no active CoinGecko listing / rank
Token has relatively low CoinMarketCap rank
Last post in Twitter was more than 30 days ago
Unable to find Blog account (Reddit or Medium)
Unable to find Youtube account
Unable to find Discord account